Traffic Violation Terms and Definitions

Alcohol/ Involvement Law enforcement suspected, and documented, that at least one driver or non-motorist involved in the crash had used alcohol. Includes both alcohol use under the legal limit and at or over the legal limit. Advance Warning Area Located after the first warning sign but before the work area. Commercial Motor Vehicle Any self-propelled or towed motor vehicle used on a highway in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the vehicle (1) has a gross vehicle weight rating or gross combination weight rating or gross vehicle weight or gross combination weight, of more than 10,000 lbs or 4,536 kg or (2) used for commercial transport of more than 8 passengers (including the driver); or (3) is used for non-commercial transport of more than 15 passengers, including the driver; or (4) is used in transporting material found by the Secretary of Transportation to be hazardous under 49 U.S.C. 5103 and transporting in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under 49 CFR, subtitle B, chapter I, subchapter C. Backing A start from a parked or stopped position in the direction of the rear of the motor vehicle. Driver License Restrictions Restrictions assigned to an individual's driver license by the license examiner, e.g. daytime driving only. Bikeway Any road, path, or way which is specifically designated as being open to bicycle travel regardless of whether such facilities are designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or are to be shared with other transportation modes. Authorized Speed Limit Authorized speed limit for the motor vehicle at the time of the crash. The authorization may be indicated by the posted speed limit, blinking sign at construction zones, etc. Commercial Driver License Class (CDLC) The type of commercial motor vehicle that a licensed driver has been examined on and/or approved to operate. This information is obtained by linkage to the driver license file. Collision With Object Not Fixed A motor vehicle in transport strikes a pedestrian, pedalcycle, railway vehicle, animal, motor vehicle in transport, parked motor vehicle, falling, work zone/maintenance equipment, other moveable object or is struck by falling, shifting cargo or anything set in motion by a motor vehicle. Alignment The geometric characteristics or layout of a roadway. Alignment is usually subdivided into horizontal alignment. Includes straight, curve left, curve right.

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	Did You Know?
	A subpoena is a court order to appear or bring information to a court proceeding. The target of the subpoena can object to the order, and a case within a case can evolve that deals solely with the subpoena. A subpoena has to be "served" on the party being ordered to produce information or testimony. Anyone can serve a subpoena, as long as they are not directly involved in the litigation. Along with the expense, another downside of subpoenas is that the information is usually not produced until the time of trial. For purposes of developing a defense it is desirable to have all relevant information well before your trial.